Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a standard business strategy for companies seeking to expand, diversify or enter new markets. In Saudi Arabia, M&A activity has grown significantly, with the government encouraging foreign investment to promote economic growth and diversification.
M&A transactions in Saudi Arabia are subject to a complex legal framework, and navigating the process can be challenging. A combination of laws and regulations governs the legal framework for M&A. The most significant is the Companies Law, which sets out the requirements for the incorporation, management, and dissolution of companies in Saudi Arabia. Other relevant laws and regulations include the Capital Market Law, the Anti-Monopoly Law, and the Foreign Investment Law.
In addition to these laws, M&A transactions in Saudi Arabia are subject to the rules and regulations of the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA). The CMA is responsible for regulating the securities industry in Saudi Arabia, while SAGIA is responsible for promoting foreign investment in the country.
The process of an M&A in Saudi Arabia generally involves the following steps:
Due diligence: The acquirer thoroughly analyses the target company to determine its financial, legal, and operational position. This is done to identify potential risks or liabilities associated with the target company.
Negotiation of terms: Once due diligence is complete, the acquirer and target company negotiate the terms of the merger or acquisition, including the purchase price and the transaction structure.
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): The parties sign a non-binding MOU outlining the key terms of the transaction.
Approval from regulatory authorities: The transaction is subject to approval from regulatory authorities, including SAGIA and the CMA. The parties must submit the required documents to the authorities, including a share purchase agreement, audited financial statements, and other relevant documents.
Shareholders’ approval: The transaction is subject to approval by the shareholders of both companies. A meeting is held to obtain the necessary approvals.
Closing: Once all approvals have been obtained, the transaction is completed. The acquirer pays the agreed-upon purchase price, and the target company’s shares are transferred to the acquirer.
Post-merger integration: After the transaction, the acquirer and target company must integrate their operations. This includes IT systems, combining departments, and restructuring the organisation.
The exact process may vary depending on the nature of the transaction and the companies involved.
M&A in Saudi Arabia is subject to a range of legal requirements that must be carefully considered by the parties involved. Some of the essential legal requirements to consider include the following:
Regulatory approvals: M&A transactions in Saudi Arabia require approval from regulatory authorities, including the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA) and the Capital Market Authority (CMA). The parties must submit the required documents to the authorities, including a share purchase agreement, audited financial statements, and other relevant documents.
Foreign investment restrictions: Certain industries in Saudi Arabia are restricted or closed to foreign investment. The parties must ensure compliance with these restrictions and obtain any necessary approvals or licenses.
Anti-trust regulations: transactions may be subject to anti-trust regulations, which prohibit anti-competitive behavior. The parties must ensure that the transaction does not result in a dominant market position or otherwise violate anti-trust laws.
Employment laws: M&A transactions may have implications for the employment of staff of the target company. The parties must comply with Saudi Arabia’s employment laws and ensure that staff is treated fairly and appropriately during the transaction and integration process.
Tax laws: The parties must ensure compliance with Saudi Arabia’s tax laws and seek appropriate advice to manage any tax implications of the transaction.
Intellectual property rights: The parties must ensure that any intellectual property rights associated with the target company, such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights, are transferred adequately as part of the transaction.
Contractual obligations: The parties must carefully review any existing contracts or agreements of the target company to ensure that the transaction does not violate any contractual obligations.
It is important to note that the above list is not exhaustive, and the exact legal requirements will depend on the specific circumstances of the M&A transaction. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties seek legal and financial advice to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.
Suhaib Hammad and Rakesh Bassi have presented a comprehensive analysis and insightful perspectives on strategic mergers and acquisitions in the Saudi Arabian market. Their expertise and acumen in this field are evident in the thought-provoking insights and valuable contributions that this article offers. Should you wish to engage in further discussions or seek clarifications, please reach out to the authors on info@hmco.com.sa
