Category Archives: Corporate and Commercial Services

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is well-positioned to take advantage of the opportunities offered by China’s continued pursuit of an international investment strategy. With China’s CIC, the country’s sovereign wealth fund, seeking to diversify its portfolio and invest in foreign assets, Saudi Arabia is an attractive option.

As the world’s largest crude oil supplier to China, Saudi Arabia is in a unique position to offer energy security and assist the Chinese government to meet their growing energy requirements. Additionally, Saudi Arabia’s economic reforms have been designed to foster growth and attract foreign investment, making it an attractive option for Chinese businesses and investors.

The Saudi government is committed to developing the country’s infrastructure and has made significant investments in transportation and logistics. This will make it easier for Chinese businesses to access the Saudi market and set up operations in the Kingdom. KSA also has a large and rapidly growing economy, with a population of over 32 million people.

China & Saudi Trade Relations

The 2019 Aramco IPO was seen as a key part of the Kingdom’s economic diversification program in its efforts to attract foreign investment. Earlier this year, Saudi Aramco initiated a joint venture with China to develop a new refinery and petrochemical complex in the northeast of the country. Saudi Arabia will supply the new Huajin Aramco Petrochemical Company (HAPCO) with 210,000 barrels a day of crude oil feedstock.

This move represents a tightening of economic ties between the two nations and provides a significant boost to Saudi Arabia’s downstream sector. It also reflects China’s continued interest in Saudi Arabia as an investment partner and will strengthen Chinese-Saudi relationships.

In 2020, Chinese imports into Saudi Arabia increased by 17.8 per cent to $28.1 billion. Bilateral trade between the two nations continues to grow at a steady pace and is expected to continue to do so in the years ahead. Political commentator Zaid M. Belbagi told Arab News last year that China increasingly saw relations with the Arab world as “central” to its geostrategic ambitions. In 2017, King Salman visited the country during a six-country Asia tour, which set in motion a “comprehensive strategic partnership” between the two nations. With its strategic location, vast natural resources, and favourable economic climate, Saudi Arabia is ideally suited to assist China in achieving its economic goals in the Arab world.

The Future of Chinese Investment in Saudi Arabia

Looking to the future, it’s clear that there are significant investment opportunities in Saudi Arabia for Chinese businesses and investors. In 2020, the annual flow of foreign direct investments (FDI) from China to Saudi reached approximately $390 million. Rumours that Saudi would start accepting the Yuan during oil sales were quashed earlier this year by Aramco CEO Amin Nasser, but it’s undeniable that China sees Saudi Arabia as a key strategic and economic partner in the region.

For Chinese businesses and investors looking for opportunities in the turbulent global economy, Saudi Arabia remains an attractive and promising option. Chinese business leaders should keep a close eye on the Kingdom in the coming years as it looks to attract more foreign investment and continue its economic reforms.

Apart from Dubai being a tourist destination, it’s a haven for web 3 and the cryptocurrency community. On March 9, 2022, the city approved the first law for the regulation of operations of digital assets, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and cryptocurrencies. The news was confirmed through a tweet by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the prime minister of the UAE.

Under the new law, Dubai wants to establish itself as a key player in designing the global future of virtual assets. In addition, the UAE seeks to form a Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA), which will be an independent body under the Dubai World Trade Center. VARA will oversee the governance, licensing, and setting of regulations for NFTs, cryptocurrencies, and other virtual assets. As a result, the city has become an epicenter for web 3 entrepreneurs from all over the world.

Web 1.0 and Web 2.0

The World Wide Web, referred to as web 1.0, dates back to the 90s. Web 1.0 was made up of web pages connected by hyperlinks. This first generation of the web was read-only, where businesses only shared information for you to search and read it.

Then in the 20s, web 2.0 came to life, the current version of the internet. The platform created a rise in eCommerce and social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. This improved version of the first worldwide web has a more friendly user-generated interface. During web 2.0, users have been able to work and earn money through various platforms.

However, in web 2.0, users are needed to give out personal information to access and use the ‘free’ services provided by tech giants like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft. The information gathered is then sold to third parties like shopping sites to offer you targeted advertisements.

Web Version 3.0 Explained

Gavin Wood, a co-founder of the Ethereum cryptocurrency, popularized the term web 3 in 2014 to describe anything involved with the changes on the internet for the next generation by making the platform a decentralized digital infrastructure. A cryptocurrency is a digital currency that does not rely on a central authority like a central bank or the government. As a result, transactions done through web 3 technologies, such as peer-to-peer payments, are free from the control of any central governing body.

Web 3 is a new version of the web built on blockchains that are peer-to-peer and decentralized. This format will allow people to control what is published, archived, and stored in secrecy.

A blockchain is a database hosted by a network of several computers instead of a single computer. This distributed ledger offers its users a transparent and unchanging way of storing information.

A blockchain-centric internet will be harder to manipulate and control since the technology used will be the same as in the cryptocurrency technology, which is built to prevent “double-spending.” This means computers will store data on a network instead of servers as it is now, making it easy to track the stored data as there will be an established record of the movement pattern.

An example of a web 3 application is the peer-to-peer payment app that works on blockchains where instead of opening a bank account, you can use the decentralized app (Dapp) to make payments. Examples of peer-to-peer apps include;

• Ziina
• Zand
• mePay
• Rise
• YAP
• NOW-money

How Web 3 Will Impact Businesses

The third phase of worldwide web evolution will bring revolutionary changes to the UAE’s mode of operating its businesses. There are four main types of legal business structure in the UAE, which include:

• Individual establishment – Owned by a single person and responsible for its financial obligations
• Civil company – Established by investors from local and foreign countries to provide specialized services in the UAE. They include but are not limited to lawyers, doctors, consultants, and engineers
• Commercial company – Business arrangements between two UAE nationals where each partner is responsible for the company
• Limited Liability Company – Involves more than two but less than fifty, and each partner is responsible to the company according to the shares bought

The introduction of web 3.0 will allow companies to work efficiently by cutting out the middleman through the connection of artificially intelligent computers. As a result, businesses will experience optimum growth. Below are the benefits and challenges that web 3 will present.

1. Streamlined Business Process

With web 3 integrated into the business format, companies and sole proprietorships will find it easy to maintain their transactional ledger. As a result, continuous customers will enjoy personalized services as their previous purchase information is readily available.

2. Provides an Efficient Collaboration With all Involved Parties

Most businesses fail because there is a lack of transparency. However, web 3 will make the business more transparent to all the parties involved. This is achieved through an unchangeable chain of records visible to everyone on the blockchain.

As a result, slow-performing companies will suffer stiff competition due to the end-to-end transparency system that provides real-time transactional proof and supply chain activities to its customers.

3. No-third Parties

Blockchain technology will allow a business owner to control all their in-house operations, including directly contacting the customer. Although it will reduce cost, save time, and make the business more competitive, third-party service providers will experience a decline in their business due to the lack of demand for their services.

Web 3 might be revolutionary, but it also presents various sets of challenges. For example, if your cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Ethereum are stolen, you lack a way of pursuing the case due to a lack of centralized control. In addition, due to the nature of public distributed ledgers which makes transactions visible to all, making it directly opposite to privacy

Why You Should Stay Alert on Web3

Businesses will undoubtedly adapt to web 3 technology as it offers a higher competitive advantage. However, before getting involved in the space, all businesses–small or large, existing or start-ups- should know that endless legal issues can arise. This is because the space is relatively new, and laws are continuously being created to regulate the industry.

Web 3 is still at its infancy stage, and the already existing technologies prove that the future of the internet will usher new tides in businesses. As Dubai fully embraces the idea by creating regulatory bodies to control the space and attract investors, understanding this new technology and its impact on your business will benefit you and your business.

Hammad & Al-Mehdar law firm dutifully serves the legal needs of regional businesses and individuals from the five offices across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Our firm is well-positioned and structured to handle legal issues while providing you with support to navigate through the implications of web 3 in your business or industry. Contact us for more information or legal representation.

For any institute, the legal aspects are of utmost importance regardless of the nation. This pertains to the registration of the institute, the qualifications and experience of the staff, contracts with parents and other institutes, and dealing with government departments.

Education institutes in Saudi Arabia need to consider a range of regulations when establishing themselves. These include regulations relating to their physical premises, the curriculum they offer, and the staff they employ. Ensuring compliance with these regulations is essential for any institute wanting to operate in Saudi Arabia. These regulations include:

1.      Mergers and acquisitions (M&A)

When it comes to M&A, education institutes are no different than any other type of organization. There are several legal considerations which need to be taken into account, and it is important to cover the full cycle of the merger in order to ensure a smooth transition.

Financial considerations will be key, as the educational institute will need to assess the value of the target institute and agree on a fair price. It is also important to have an operational model in place so that the educational institute can continue to provide quality education and services to its students.

2.      Operational model

The operational model is one of the regulations which education institutes in Saudi Arabia need to consider. An operational model is a set of procedures and processes that an organization uses to produce products or services. It includes the organizational structure, the division of labor, and the way resources are allocated. When establishing an educational institute in Saudi Arabia, it is essential to develop an operational model that complies with its regulations.

3.      Partner Agreements

Partner agreements are contracts between two or more organizations that outline their roles and responsibilities in a joint venture. When establishing an educational institute in Saudi Arabia, it is essential to have partner agreements in place with any partners involved in the venture. These agreements should clearly define the roles and responsibilities of each party and how decisions will be made.

4.      Asset Management

Asset management is the process of identifying, acquiring, developing, and maintaining assets to maximize their value to the organization. When establishing an educational institute in Saudi Arabia, it is essential to implement an asset management plan that complies with the country’s regulations. This plan should identify the assets required for the institute and how they will be acquired, developed, and maintained.

5.      Expansion

An expansion is the process of growing an organization by expanding its operations into new markets or by acquiring other organizations. When establishing an educational institute in Saudi Arabia, it is essential to consider the potential for expansion and how this might be achieved. The institute’s expansion plans should comply with the country’s regulations and should be achievable within the desired timeframe.

How can education institutes ensure compliance with the law?

For education institutes to ensure compliance with the law, they need to have a comprehensive understanding of the applicable laws. It is also important for institutes to have a well-versed legal team in Saudi and UAE law and can provide guidance and support when required.

Institutes should also put in place systems and processes that ensure all employee conduct is in line with the law. This includes ensuring that employees are aware of the legal requirements and policies in place and implementing disciplinary procedures for staff who do not comply with the law.

What legal challenges could educational institutes face?

There are several legal challenges that could face an education institute in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

One such challenge is the process of merging with another academic institute. This process must be undertaken in accordance with the regulations set by the government and can be a complex and time-consuming procedure.

Another challenge is the operational model of the institute. The model must be compliant with the regulatory framework to protect all stakeholders’ interests.

Financial considerations are also key, as institutes often need to secure finance in order to fulfill their objectives. A partnership agreement is essential in order to protect both the interests of the partner and the academy.

Expansion is another key issue for institutes as they look to extend their reach into new markets. Careful planning and execution are required in order to minimize any legal risks.

Real estate and asset management are important aspects of an education institute’s operations and must be undertaken in a responsible manner. Any breaches of regulations in this area could lead to significant legal penalties.

What are the benefits of compliance with the law?

There are a number of benefits to be had when an education institute complies with the law. Perhaps the most obvious is that it demonstrates a commitment to best practice and a desire to operate safely and legally.

Compliance with the law also helps to build trust with regulators, parents, and students. It shows that an institute takes its responsibilities seriously. This also indicates that it is committed to safeguarding the welfare of its clients.

Lastly, compliance with the law can help to protect an institute from potential legal action. This can include financial damages, as well as damage to reputation.

Education institutes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the legal implications that come with running their institute. There are a number of laws and regulations that institutes need to adhere to in order to protect their students and staff and avoid any legal penalties.

Institutes should seek legal advice to ensure they are aware of their responsibilities and help comply with the relevant laws. A reputable law firm can help with all aspects of running an institute, from drafting contracts and policies to representing the institute in legal proceedings.

If you are looking for legal assistance in establishing an educational institute in Saudi Arabia, don’t hesitate to contact Hammad & Al-Mehdar Law Firm. Our experienced team can help you navigate the regulatory landscape and ensure compliance with all relevant regulations.

Over the years, there has been unprecedented growth in digital health used in delivering healthcare across the GCC states. However, the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (PHE) has accelerated digital transformation in the healthcare industry more than in any other industry.

With the rise in demand to meet patients’ needs and control over their health, tech companies are coming up with new tech advancements in in-patient management diagnostics and treatment. Inventions like e-prescriptions, electronic medical records (EMR), and healthcare information and management systems (HIMSS), among others, have changed how healthcare is delivered to patients.

However, like any other industry undergoing rapid growth, health tech faces dramatic legal changes; for instance, in 2019, the UAE president issued the health data law, which aims at regulating the use of technology in the healthcare industry. Moving forward, tech companies in these spaces should expect heightened legal scrutiny from various regulators.

The following are some legal considerations in health tech.

1. Regulatory Bodies

Companies developing medical devices that incorporate Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) should abide by the Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP) new approaches to regulate health tech. Companies must provide their proposals and any other critical information about any of the machines to be installed and used in healthcare.

Recently, a blockchain-based health data storage platform was introduced to help MOHAP efficiently provide smart health services to patients. The guidance by the regulatory bodies will help companies developing medical devices clarify to what extent the products will be regulated.

2. Fraud and Abuse

As healthcare operations are adopting technology, every person involved, from providers to vendors and payers, must adopt key practices to prevent or minimize fraud and abuse. All models involved in digital delivery create different types of risks under the legal theories, which the Ministry of Justice(MOJ) has taken a key interest in.

MOJ scrutinizes different healthcare vendors, for instance, those that provide electronic medical records. Organizations must provide consumers using medical insurance cards with relevant knowledge on how to protect themselves against questionable actions.

The companies must also have appropriate monitoring and enforcement strategies to eradicate fraud and abuse, according to the Saudi Arabia Anti-fraud and abuse regulation body.

3. Antitrust

Balancing data sharing, and data blocking, is one of the greatest antitrust concerns in digital health. Oversharing data in digital health is much more complicated compared to any other industry. While some companies can positively welcome the idea, sharing data in digital health can lead to regulatory issues.

Limited sharing can make a provider dominant in the market; while this isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it creates different antitrust issues, for instance, abuse of dominance. Abuse of dominance is considered a breach of antitrust, which results in lawsuits, and heavy fines, among others.

4. Data Privacy

Healthcare professionals must protect the confidentiality of patient’s medical data at all costs, and any breaches in the data should be reported immediately and appropriately. Relevant companies must comply with data protection in the right manner to prevent exposure to any liability when handling sensitive patient data.

All the following issues should be put into consideration when handling sensitive data:

• Seek consent in data processing, particularly in clinical trials
• Ensure that data subjects are notified about secondary uses of data, for instance, in the case of research
• Healthcare providers and pharma businesses impacted by any data flaws are allocated compliance responsibilities
• All consent should be explicit, specific, and informed

5. Product Liability

Product liability is a type of law in which the law holds the producer (manufacturers, suppliers, retailers and distributors) responsible for any product defects that cause injuries to patients. In digital health, many people can be held liable in case of litigation; such people include:

• Data provider
• Software developer
• Device manufacturer
• The company responsible for commercialization

The Consumer Protection Association of Saudi Arabia aims to protect consumers’ interests and safeguard their rights. All those who fail to meet the established professional standards, requirements and ethics must face disciplinary actions.

6. Employers Liability

As more and more digital devices are adopted by employers, there will be a need to analyze data collected by all these devices. Analysis of data comes with its own set of risks to the employer; for instance, if a patient is harmed due to any foreseeable issues that weren’t addressed, then the employer can be held liable.

A foreseeable issue depends on what the employer knows or doesn’t know. As a way to protect the employer, digital health providers must not disclose personal health data to the employer.

7. Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence

With the rise in technology in healthcare, there is more focus on the use of AI. Several guidelines have been produced over the years to help with the evaluation and implementation of digital technologies in the healthcare industry. However, even with this, there have been cases of discrimination and biases made by AI systems.

As a result, there have been increased calls to make these systems more transparent. Companies must adapt and implement good governance when it comes to procuring and implementing AI systems in healthcare.

8. Cybersecurity

Every day, organizations are becoming susceptible to cyber-attacks that are threatening confidential information and disrupting daily activities. Hospitals, particularly private hospitals, store a lot of information that is worth lots of money in the wrong hands.

All the healthcare organizations accessing patients’ data must comply with any laws set, including the proposed Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL). Ensuring digital health solutions are in compliance with the set laws is one way to reduce and prevent cyberattacks.

The healthcare industry is quickly adopting technology to provide health services smarter and faster. However, with technology comes great risks that affect everyone involved. Regulatory bodies are increasingly becoming focused on the health tech space and new products introduced in the healthcare industry.

Even though there are various opportunities for healthcare delivery models, the responsible companies must tread lightly and ensure they are in compliance with the rules and regulations in all the GCC states.

If you are facing any issues in the health tech sector, our attorneys at Hammad & Al-Mehdar can help. The attorneys will provide you with practical solutions thanks to their years of experience and high knowledge. Contact us for assistance.

The most important relationship in any business venture is between the two or more partners. Partner agreements protect all parties involved whenever a disagreement arises, which can be difficult for business owners to handle on their own.

Most jurisdictions do not require partner agreements for partnerships, which has led to the misleading notion that they’re not important in a partnership, however failure to devise a comprehensive legal agreement has led to several high-value claims, which have resulted in business failure.

What Is A Partner Agreement?

A partner agreement is a contract between two individuals in a business relationship. The agreement lays out the terms of the relationship, including each partner’s responsibilities, rights, and liabilities. The agreement can also include provisions for how the business will be run, how profits will be distributed, and what will happen if the partnership ends.

Creating a partner agreement can help prevent disputes down the road by clarifying each partner’s role and expectations. It can also give each partner a greater sense of security, knowing that there is a written agreement in place.

Types Of Partner Agreements

There are many types of partner agreements, we explore three primary kinds: buy-sell agreements, operating agreements, and partnership agreements. Each type of agreement has different purposes and benefits.

A buy-sell agreement is an agreement between business partners that outlines what will happen if one of the partners wants to sell their interest in the business. This agreement can help prevent disputes between partners and ensure that the business continues to operate smoothly if one partner leaves.

An operating agreement is a contract between the business partners that outlines the roles and responsibilities of each partner, as well as the management and ownership structure of the business. This agreement can help prevent misunderstandings and disagreements between partners.

A partnership agreement is a general contract between business partners that specifies their roles in the partnership, their investments, and their responsibilities. This type can be categorized further based on the different types of partnerships, such as a partnership limited by shares, limited partnership, general partnership, or joint ventures.

Who Needs A Partner Agreement

In most jurisdictions, partner agreements are not required by law. However, without a partner agreement in place, government regulations regarding partnerships will apply, which may put some partners at a disadvantage on matters tax liability, business continuity, or even sharing profits.

That said, you need a partner agreement if:

• You’re concerned about the continuity of your business/ partnership if a partner dies or is incapacitated in a way that prevents them from fulfilling their obligations to the partnership.
• You and your partners are concerned about the fair distribution of profits, work obligations, and tax liability.
• You and your partners are from different jurisdictions. A partner agreement will help streamline any conflict resolution that may be needed, as it would take precedence over state law.

Why Partner Agreements Are Necessary

There are many reasons why partner agreements are necessary. First, they help to avoid misunderstandings and conflict between partners. Second, they provide clarity about each person’s role in the business. Third, they can help protect the business if one of the partners dies or becomes incapacitated. Fourth, they can help to resolve disputes between partners.

Any business with more than one owner should have a partner agreement.

The Benefits Of Partner Agreements

As business partners, it is important to have a legally binding agreement that outlines the roles and responsibilities of each party and the expectations for the partnership. A partner agreement can help prevent misunderstandings and disputes down the road and provide a clear path for resolution if problems arise.

There are many benefits to having a partner agreement, including:

1. Clarifying the Roles and Responsibilities of Each Partner
2. Establishing Ground Rules for the Partnership
3. Protecting Each Partner’s Interests
4. Preventing disagreements and Disputes
5. Setting Out a Path for Resolution if Problems Arise

How Partner Agreements Differ By Industry

When it comes to partnerships, there is no one-size-fits-all agreement. The terms of a partnership will vary depending on the specific industry in which the partners operate. For example, in the construction industry, partners may agree to share responsibility for liability and workers’ compensation claims. Partners may agree to share patient records and other confidential information in the healthcare industry.

Each industry has its unique risks and challenges, so partners must take the time to understand the nuances of their particular agreement. Doing so will help ensure that all parties are protected if something goes wrong.

The Evolution Of Partner Agreements Globally In A Digital World

As the world has become more digital, business operations have changed dramatically. One of the most crucial aspects of running a business in the modern world is having a strong and enforceable partner agreement. This is especially true for businesses that operate internationally.

The globalization of business has led to an increase in the use of partner agreements. As businesses expand their operations into new markets, it is essential to have a clear understanding with their partners about what is expected from each side. A partner agreement can help ensure that both parties are on the same page and clear about their respective rights and obligations.

The rise of the internet and online commerce has also impacted partner agreements. Many businesses now operate entirely online, which has created new challenges when it comes to enforcing agreements.

When one party is based in one country and the other in another, it can be difficult to take legal action in case of breach of contract. Partner agreements can help solve this problem by stipulating that disputes should be resolved through arbitration in a specified jurisdiction.

In response to the growing globalization and digitalization, three countries: Singapore, Chile, and New Zealand – have come up with a novel solution dubbed, The Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) that seeks to resolve the problem of enforcing partner agreements across different jurisdictions.

Partner agreements are integral to a mutually beneficial partnership that does not disadvantage any partner. Lacking one puts a partnership and its partners at a serious disadvantage.

Telehealth continues to be a promising healthcare model within the GCC region. More specifically, The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are some of the countries across the region that are actively leading in advancing modern healthcare services. Recent reports indicate that the governments of both countries are applying vigorous frameworks to enhance the development of telehealth services.

With the advances in telehealth, new data protection laws are also being enacted, as each country strives to protect its citizens. This means that investors must conduct due diligence when investing in modern healthcare in the region, specifically given the increased regulations across the industry. Currently, remote patient monitoring (RPM), Health, and virtual visits are some of the healthcare technologies that are poised to thrive in the buoyant GCC market.

The Trends and Challenges of Telehealth in the UAE and Saudi Arabia

In societies such as KSA or the UAE, where relational connections are esteemed and direct specialist-patient communication is standard, challenges in employing technology will inherently bring with it challenges.

Regularly, patients are concerned of the doctor’s experience, the impact of innovation, security, and protection during sessions. Aversion toward the utilization of innovation is driven by age, orientation, and religion.

Likewise, the absence of information or involvement with the innovation and the requirement for preparing are normal obstructions. Likewise, a few suppliers assume the use of this innovation with shortcomings (e.g., diagnosing could take more time), loss of income, and compensation troubles (e.g., most patients pay through cash on hand).

However, telehealth is a promising model for medical care administrations in KSA and the UAE. The market which incorporates virtual visits, mHealth, and distant patient observing are projected to reach $536.5 million by 2025 in the UAE at a yearly development rate of 28.2 percent. In Saudi Arabia, the market is projected to reach $415.4 million enrolling development at a 24.2 percent CAGR north of 2019 figures.

In the aftermath of the pandemic, telehealth’s degree is augmenting as social distancing has provoked an unexpected interest in contactless medicine and made it a significant innovation to assess, oversee, and follow patients without in-person assessments.

Government-led Digital Health Initiatives

Public-private partnership models, as well as consumer-centric services, have increased and all contributed to the increased telehealth demand in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

The Digital Health Strategy 2018, launched by KSA, and the Innovation Strategy 2019-2021, launched by the UAE, have been the chief drivers of digital healthcare transformation in each of the countries.

Both nations have prioritized preventive care and wellness to boost investment toward social determinants of health (SDOH) projects, resulting in immense growth prospects for companies operating within the telehealth sector.

Telehealth Legal Regulations in the UAE and Saudi Arabia

UAE

At the federal level, the extension of Cabinet Decision No. 40/2019 on the Implementing Regulation of Federal Decree-Law No. 4/2016 on clinical risk (“ICT Health Law”), named “Controls and Conditions of Providing Remote Health Services” (“Federal Telehealth Regulations”) explicitly covers a scope of telehealth administrations including:

• Distant clinical interview and solution
• Remote prognosis
• Remote clinical observing and mediation

The Abu Dhabi Department of Health’s (“AD DOH”) Standards for the Provision of Tele-Monitoring Services apply in Abu Dhabi, and the “Dubai HA Standards”, or Dubai Health Authority’s Principles for Telehealth Services are the vital pieces of guideline/strategy to be alluded to.

There are additional guidelines that apply explicitly to suppliers situated inside the Dubai Healthcare City free zone in the UAE, explicitly Health Data Protection Regulation No 7 of 2013.

KSA

Across Saudi Arabia, the pertinent authorities have given choices, methods, and rules to manage the utilization of telehealth. This incorporates but is not restricted to the following:

• Dated 25/04/1441H, the Ministry of Health Decision No. 7/88is an authority instrument that supports KSA’s other telemedicine law, the Regulation Governing Telehealth
• The country’s earlier telemedicine law or “Telehealth Regulation” also dubbed the Regulation Governing Telehealth issued by the National Health Information Center (“NHIC”)

The Telehealth Regulations require that an administration organization direct and screen telemedicine and is the Saudi Telemedicine Unit of Excellence, which will work inside the Saudi Health Council’s NHIC.